![]() In April 1956, Ampex successfully demonstrated the VR-1000 at the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters convention in Chicago and orders poured in at $50,000 per unit. It used a set of four video heads mounted on a rotating drum that scanned transversely across a two-inch-wide magnetic tape scrolling at 1,500 inches per second. ![]() However, Ampex’s VR-1000 (aka Mark IV) was a superior solution. In the early 1950s, BCE developed a series of prototype video recorders, the Mark I, II, and III. Mullin used two Ampex 200 audio recorders (serial numbers 1 and 2) to record and play back each episode of Crosby’s radio show during the 1948–1949 season.Īs Crosby moved into the emerging medium of television, he encouraged engineers at Ampex and BCE to research a similar solution for videotape. If Crosby could provide the networks with a high-fidelity recording indistinguishable from a live feed, he could avoid performing a second show.Ĭrosby invested in a Bay Area startup called Ampex, which succeeded in reverse engineering the high-end AEG Magnetophon K4 magnetic recording machines that Army Signal Corps officer Jack Mullin had brought to the United States from Germany after World War II. Although phonographs and gramophones had been around for decades, those recording technologies played back with lots of hissing and crackling. Bing Crosby, for example, established the Electronics Division of Bing Crosby Enterprises (BCE) in the 1940s to develop high-quality audio playback technologies that could rival a live performance. The radio networks pursued this approach to appease advertisers, but the performers hated it. During the radio era, it was common for entertainers to do two live performances of a given show-one show during prime time on the east coast, and then another show three hours later during prime time on the west coast. Verna’s innovation drew on several years of technological development in audio and video recording equipment. Verna had puzzled over the idea for several years, and when he finally got it to work, he changed the way we watch and officiate sports forever. Instant replay was invented by Tony Verna, the hotshot 30-year-old director working behind the scenes of the Army-Navy telecast. “Ladies and gentlemen, Army did not score again!” With that call, Nelson announced the birth of instant replay. “This is not live,” CBS play-by-play announcer Lindsey Nelson told the television audience. Stichweh again faked a handoff and ran into the end zone for a touchdown. ![]() Then something disorienting happened for fans watching at home on television. In the fourth quarter, Army quarterback Carl "Rollie" Stichweh faked a handoff and ran into the end zone at Philadelphia's Municipal Stadium to score a touchdown. ![]() On December 7, 1963, Army and Navy squared off in their annual college football game, renewing one of sport’s greatest rivalries. ![]()
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